From Vacuum Tubes to VLSI: The Evolution of Integrated Circuits Imagine powering a supercomputer on a chip smaller than your fingernail. The ICs revolution started in 1958 and powers everything from 5G to IoT- let's trace its path. The IC Revolution Integrated Circuits (ICs) have fundamentally transformed the landscape of electronics. We have moved from bulky, discrete components to compact, complex devices capable of powering everything from smartphones to spacecraft. The evolution of integrated circuits is a story of steady progress that changed the world in a quiet but powerful way. These small chips became the foundation of modern electronics and helped turn large machines into fast and compact devices. Their development shows how technology can grow from simple ideas into tools that shape everyday life. Early Electronics In the early days computers were built with vacuum tubes. These tubes worked but they made machines very large and heavy. They produced a lot of heat and ofte...